Scorpion stings are a common risk in Mexico, especially in rural and warm regions. Knowing how to act in case of a sting and when to seek medical help is key for a safe response. This guide explains what to do in case of a scorpion sting, venom severity levels, and how to identify dangerous scorpion species in Mexico.
What to Do in Case of a Scorpion Sting?
- Stay calm: Avoid sudden movements to reduce venom spread.
- Clean the sting site: Use soap and water, avoiding pressure or cuts.
- Keep the affected area still: Limit movement to minimize venom absorption.
- Apply cold locally: This helps reduce pain but does not halt the venom.
When to Seek Medical Help?
Seek medical assistance if you experience:
- Intense pain or muscle spasms
- Rapidly spreading swelling
- Difficulty breathing or swallowing
- Dizziness, blurred vision, or excessive salivation
Children, older adults, and people with chronic illnesses should be evaluated immediately.
What Not to Do in Case of a Scorpion Sting?
- Don’t make cuts or suck the venom: These practices can worsen the sting.
- Avoid home remedies such as alcohol or plants that may irritate the skin.
- Don’t use tourniquets: These limit circulation and increase tissue damage risk.
Knowing Scorpions in Mexico: Dangerous Species
Mexico has over 200 scorpion species, though only a few pose significant health risks. The most dangerous species belong to the Centruroides genus, responsible for most severe envenomation cases in the country.
Myths about Identifying Venomous Scorpions
There is no direct relationship between a scorpion’s color or size and its toxicity. Species such as Centruroides sculpturatus, which are yellow, are highly venomous. The size of the pincers or the body is not a reliable indicator either. Identification should be based on research and expert knowledge.
Scorpion Sting Severity Levels
Severity levels help identify symptoms and act accordingly:
Grade I: Mild Envenomation
- Localized pain, burning, or mild redness.
- Appears within the first 5-15 minutes.
- 75%-80% of cases are mild.
Grade II: Moderate Envenomation
- Radiating pain, muscle spasms, and sweating.
- Appears in 15-30 minutes.
- Represents 10%-15% of cases.
Grade III: Severe Envenomation
- Widespread pain, difficulty swallowing, and rapid breathing.
- Appears in 30 minutes to 1 hour.
- Affects 5%-10% of cases.
Grade IV: Life-Threatening Envenomation
- Generalized contractions, breathing difficulties, and shock.
- Appears in 30 minutes to 2 hours.
- Less than 1% of cases.
Use of Antivenom (Fabotherapy)
Fabotherapy is the recommended treatment for Grades II-IV. It neutralizes venom toxins, and timely use reduces complications.
Conclusion
Scorpion stings are a frequent risk in Mexico, with over 300,000 annual cases. Although most are mild, antivenom access and medical care are crucial in severe cases. Knowing symptoms and severity levels ensures a swift and safe response.